Ipulaki eyinhlanganisela yendabuko izoqukatha i-mandrel, isiliphu esingaphezulu/ikhoni, i-elementi, nokushelela/ikhoni engezansi. I-mandrel izohlinzeka ngesakhiwo sepulaki ukuthi ezinye izingxenye "zigibele" futhi zizoba namaphrofayili afakwe kuwo noma zibe nezingxenye ezengeziwe ezinamathiselwe ukuphoqa izingxenye ngesikhathi sokugijima, ukusetha, kanye ne-frac. Iziliphu zenzelwe ukusebenzisana nekhoni kangangokuthi lapho ziphoqelelwa ndawonye iziliphu ziphumele ngaphandle ukuze zithinte i-casing. Iziliphu zizoba nemiphetho eqinile eklanyelwe "ukuluma" ku-casing, ivalwe endaweni. Iziliphu zizoba yindandatho egcwele noma amasegimenti ngamanye ahlanganiswe nebhendi yohlobo oluthile. Kunoma ikuphi, adizayinelwe ukuthi ahlale ndawonye kuze kube yilapho ukuhlelwa kwesethingi kuwahlukanisa okuwavumela ukuthi anyuse ikhoni futhi asethwe kukesi.
Kupulaki ye-frac, eklanyelwe ukubamba kuphela ukucindezela okuvela phezulu, isiliphu esingezansi sizoklanywa ukuthi sibambe amandla aphelele e-frac futhi isiliphu esingenhla sizoklanywa ukugcina ipulaki, ikakhulukazi isici, icindezelwe ngemva kokusetha. Isici siklanyelwe ukucindezela ngaphansi kwamandla okusetha ukudala uphawu phakathi kwe-ID yodonga lwe-casing kanye ne-mandrel. Lolu phawu luzohlinzeka ngokuhlukaniswa okudingekayo ukuhlukanisa umthombo ube izingxenye ezimbili ukuze indawo engenhla ilashwe ngokusobala. Ukuze uthole ipulaki yokudonsa ibhola, ibhola lizokwehliswa ukusuka phezulu liye emhlabeni ku-mandrel futhi liqedele ukuhlukaniswa.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokusebenza kwepulaki eyinhlanganisela kuza ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwephampu phansi. Kulokhu kulandelana ipulaki eyinhlanganisela yenziwe yaba ukuhlanganiswa kwembobo engezansi yocingo (i-BHA) ehlanganisa ipulaki, ithuluzi lokusetha, nezibhamu ezibhobozayo. Le BHA yehliselwa endaweni yokuqala emthonjeni ovundlile bese kusetshenziswa amaphampu ukuyisa endaweni ehlosiwe. Phakathi nalokhu kusebenza kubalulekile ukuthi izingxenye zihlale zihlangene. Iziliphu kufanele zihlale ndawonye, ngaphandle kwalokho zingathinta i-casing ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa, zinyuse ikhoni yazo, futhi zenze umcimbi osethiwe.
Isici kufanele sihlale sisendaweni ukuze sigweme isiphetho esifanayo. Ngezakhi zenjoloba, lokhu kungaba nzima. Ipulaki evamile engu-5.5”, isibonelo, ine-OD engu-4-3/8” futhi i-casing ine-ID engu-4.778” eshiya igebe elincane phakathi kwepulaki ne-casing (nje .2” ohlangothini ngalunye). Kuya ngokuthi ipulaki ihamba ngokushesha kangakanani kanye nezinga lokugeleza koketshezi olumpontshwayo, kungase kube nokudlula okuningi eduze kwaleli pulaki. Njengoba lokhu kudlula kukhuphuka kuzodala indawo enengcindezi ephansi ezungeze ipulaki engabangela isici ukuthi sikhukhumale futhi sithinte isikhwama. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungakanani uketshezi oludlula ipulaki ngesikhathi kuthunyelwa futhi abahlinzeki abaningi bazohlinzeka ngemikhombandlela yokuthi ipulaki kufanele ihambe ngokushesha kangakanani ngamanani epompo ahlukene.
Ukusetha ipulaki kwenziwa ithuluzi lokusetha eliqhumayo. Imininingwane yokuthi izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamathuluzi okusetha zisebenza kanjani ingatholakala ezihlokweni ezedlule lapha nalapha. I-plug mandrel izobanjelwa i-static futhi izingxenye zizophoqeleka ndawonye ukusetha ithuluzi. Ngokuvamile i-elementi izominyanisa, bese iziliphu zizophuka, futhi zinyuse ama-cones kuze kube yilapho ziphoqeleka ku-casing futhi zikhiyelwe endaweni. Uma iziliphu sezisethiwe, amandla akhiqizwa ithuluzi lokusetha azodlula amandla okugunda emidiya ye-shear yepulaki futhi ithuluzi lokusetha lizogunda ipulaki liyishiye izimele emthonjeni. Ngemva kokusetha, ingxenye ye-mandrel izodalulwa ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezisanda kucindezela. Ubude bale mandrel edaluliwe buzolingana nenani lenhlanganisela ngenhla kwesiliphu esingenhla esiqoqiwe, kanye nobude bokushaywa okufanele ukusetha ithuluzi.
Esinye sezithiyo zedizayini ezibalulekile zepulaki eyinhlanganisela ukushaywa okudingekayo ukuze kusethwe ithuluzi. Lobu bude bulawulwa ukushaya okuhlinzekwe Ithuluzi Lokusetha I-Baker, elingu-5.875” ku-E4-10 kanye no-8.625” ku-E4-20. Uma ithuluzi lidinga ukushaywa okungaphezu kwalokhu, ithuluzi lokusetha ngeke lisike ipulaki.
Ukusebenza kwesiliphu esingenhla, nalokhu kumisa, kubalulekile ngemva nje kokusetha. Isiliphu esingenhla kufanele silume ku-casing ukuze sikhiye ukucindezelwa ku-elementi futhi sigcine uphawu. Uma isiliphu esingaphezulu singasebenzi njengoba siklanywe, isici sizokwazi ukuphumula futhi uzolahlekelwa uphawu lwakho. Okujabulisayo ukuthi isici sidlala indima ekugcineni ukucindezelwa kwayo. Uma i-elementi ingazange idale amandla aphikisayo kukhoni engenhla, ibingeke igcine usekelo ngaphansi kwesiliphu esidingekayo ukuze uhlale uxhumene ne-casing. Ngaphandle "kokucindezela emuva" okuvela kusici esicindezelwe, isiliphu esingaphezulu besingeke senze umsebenzi waso.
Ngemva kokusetha, i-BHA yocingo izosetshenziselwa ukubhoboza i-casing ngaphezu kwepulaki bese ikhishwa emthonjeni. Izinto zokusebenza ze-surface frac zizobe seziqiniswa. Ukuze uthole ipulaki yokudonsa ibhola, iningi lalokho okugijimayo, ibhola lizokhishwa phezulu. Uma isifinyelele engxenyeni evundlile yomthombo izophonswa phansi ukuze ihlale kupulaki, ihlukanise umthombo ube izingxenye ezimbili. Lapho ibhola lihlala futhi i-frac iqala, ingcindezi izophoqa i-mandrel phansi kuze kube yilapho ixhumana nephezulu ye-slip engenhla. Uphawu kufanele lugcinwe njengoba lushelela phakathi kwesici.
Lokhu kubangela ubude be-mandrel ngaphansi kwepulaki elilingana ne-stroke plus phansi kwepulaki. Lokhu akuthinti ngempela ukulungiselelwa noma izingxenye ze-frac zokusebenza kwepulaki kodwa kungaba nomthelela ku-mill up.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuselela kukhona ingcindezi ephezulu ekhishwa ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwepulaki, nokucindezela okuphansi phansi kwepulaki. Lo mehluko wengcindezi ubeka ukuthi ipulaki kufanele iklanywe kanjani ukuze imelane namandla asetshenziswayo. Njengoba ubona ngezansi, ingcindezi evela frac isetshenziswa ebholeni, kanye mandrel ngaphezu element. Ngaphansi kwebhola kanye nesici kukhona kuphela ingcindezi evela ku-reservoir. Lokhu kubangela ukucindezelwa kokuwa okwenziwa ku-mandrel ngaphezu kophawu. Ngesikhathi sophawu i-mandrel kumele imelane nokucindezela kokuwa kanye nokucindezelwa kwesici.
Isiliphu esingezansi kanye nekhoni kumele zimelane namandla emishini akhiqizwe ku-elementi futhi kuxhunywe umehluko wengcindezi. Umhlinzeki wepulaki kufanele asebenzise ubukhulu bempahla namandla ukuze athole ipulaki engakwazi ukusebenza ngaphansi kwalezi zimo. Ngokuvamile, ukwehluleka kwepulaki ye-frac yendabuko kubangelwa ukuwa kwekhoni ephansi/i-mandrel okubangela ukuthi ama-slip aphansi alahlekelwe ukulunywa kwawo. Ukusebenza kwethuluzi kuncike emandleni enhlanganisela.
Okunye okukhathaza abaklami ukusebenza kwe-elementi ngesikhathi sokucindezela okukhulu nezimo zokushisa. Isici senjoloba siyavumelana nezimo futhi sizovumelana nezimo nakakhulu ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa ashisayo. Uma ukucindezela okuphezulu kwengezwa ekuxubeni kungabangela isici senjoloba esigeleza ngendlela yokucindezela. Amapulaki amaningi endabuko emakethe azofaka isistimu yokwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni edizayinelwe ukunwetshwa nge-elementi njengoba isethiwe bese ihlinzeka ngesakhiwo sokugcina isici sisendaweni phakathi nesigaba sokucindezela okuphezulu kwe-frac.
Uma unentshisekelo ku-Vigor Completion Tool Frac Plug Series noma amanye amathuluzi okumba nokuqeda embonini kawoyela negesi, sicela ungangabazi ukusithinta ukuze uthole ukwesekwa komkhiqizo okungcono kakhulu kanye nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-28-2024
