Amathiphu Amapaki Asebenzayo, Inqubo Yokusetha, Nokucatshangelwa Kokuphuma Kwesikhala

1.Ikhono lesethi elijule kakhulu.Izimo ezidinga ukuthi amaphakethe okukhiqiza asethwe ajule kakhulu (amafidi angu-12,000/3,658m +) abonisa isidingo sokumisa izindlela ezingancikile ekuxhashazweni kwamashubhu, okuyiziphaki zesethi ye-hydraulic nelayini kagesi. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kwamathuba okuxhaphaza amashubhu (ikakhulukazi ukuzungezisa) izinkinga ngokujula okukhulayo. Amasistimu wokusetha izintambo ze-Hydraulic nezikagesi azikho kulo mkhawulo ongaba khona. Ukukhethwa kwamapakisha okudume kakhulu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezijulile yisethi ye-E/L noma isethi ye-hydraulic set packers unomphela. Okuncanyelwayo kokungabuyiseki unomphela kubangelwa ezinye izimo ezivame ukuhambisana nemithombo ejulile. Lezi zimo (izimfuneko ezikhulayo zokushisa kanye nokwehluka kwengcindezi) kulula kakhulu futhi kuvame ukuneliswa izici zedizayini zamapaki ezihlala unomphela.

2.Inqubo yokusethwa kwepaki ngaphandle kwepumpu noma iyunithi yolayini kagesi-(isethi yomshini).Kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe indlela ethile yokusethwa kwepaki ngenxa yokuthi okokusebenza okuhambisanayo akutholakali ukuze kufezwe umsebenzi wokusetha ngezinye izindlela. Isibonelo, uma iphampu yodaka ingatholakali ekusethweni kwe-hydraulic futhi iyunithi yolayini kagesi ingatholakali ekusethweni kwezintambo, khona-ke ukukhetha okusele kuyisethi yesethi yomshini.

3.Ukusetha ipayipi ngaphandle kokukhwabanisa kweshubhu-(isethi ye-hydraulic).Uma amandla okusethwa kwentambo kagesi engatholakali ngenxa yesizathu esithile futhi izimo zembobo noma okokusebenza kwamapayipi kwenza ukuphatha amashubhu kube nzima noma kungenzeki, ukusetha okuqhutshwa ngamanzi kuyisinqumo esisele. Izinketho ezidume kakhulu kulesi simo amapaki ajwayelekile we-hydraulic set retrievable or packers unomphela. Kodwa-ke, uma kucatshangelwa okunye okucatshangelwayo okuhlanganisa nokutholakala, okunye ukukhetha okungase kube ukusetshenziswa kwesipakishi sesethi kalayini kagesi (unomphela noma esibuyisekayo) esisebenza ngeshubhu esinethuluzi lokumisa i-hydraulic. Lesi siqeshana sezinto ezisetshenziswayo sisuswa emthonjeni ngeshubhu ngemuva kokuthi sisetshenziselwe ukusetha ipakethe.

4.Qalisa futhi usethe ipakethe ngokushesha nangokunembile-(isethi yocingo).Kwesinye isikhathi kuyafiseleka noma kuyadingeka ukuthi ukwazi ukugijima futhi usethe ipakethe ngokushesha nangokunembe ngangokunokwenzeka. Kulezi zimo, isidingo sivame ukuhlotshaniswa nesinye isidingo - isidingo sokuxhuma umthombo. Amapaki esethi kagesi kagesi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unomphela noma angabuyiselwa, abhekwa njengefaneleka kakhulu. Indawo yezesekeli eziningi etholakalayo ukuze isetshenziswe nalawa mapaki ukufeza lesi sidingo esihlobene sokuxhuma. Ukunemba kokujula kwesilungiselelo kufezwa ngokuxhumanisa ukujula kusetshenziswa ikhola yolayini kagesi esetshenziswa ngaphezu kwethuluzi lokusetha.

5.Umbhobho osindayo othwelwe phansi kwe-packer-(ukuxhumana okuqinile ngepakethe).Ukuze umpakishi akwazi ukuthwala ubude bepayipi ngaphansi kwawo, kuyadingeka ukuthi umpakishi abe ne-mandrel eqinile iye entanjeni yeshubhu ephansi noma uma kungenjalo, indlela yokukhipha kufanele ivumele indlela yokuthwala enamandla ngokwanele indawo yokugijima yokuthwala isisindo. Abanye abapakishi bangase badinge isisetshenziswa noma ukuguqulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala futhi ngemva kokusetha. Okunye kungase kukhawulwe enanini lesisindo elingase lifakwe izikhonkwane zokusetha. Lokhu kuyiqiniso kwamanye amaphakethe we-hydraulic. Futhi, endabeni yabapakishi bemigqa kagesi, uma isisindo sepayipi sidlula isilinganiso esinconyiwe somugqa ngokwawo, kuzodingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe ithuluzi lokusetha i-hydraulic accessory.

6.I-packer hydraulic setting process ene-low set pressure-(indawo enkulu yokubeka ipiston).Kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukuthi ukwazi ukusetha ipaketha nge-hydraulically usebenzisa ingcindezi yepompo ephansi ngenxa yemishini yokusekela engaphezulu noma ye-downhole noma imikhawulo yokucindezela kwemishini yokuqedela. Uma sicabanga ukuthi iningi lamaphakheji we-elementi asethwe ngamandla afanayo namandla okucindezela anomkhawulo, okuwukuphela kokunye okuguquguqukayo indawo yepiston. Amanye amaphakethe we-hydraulic aklanywe ngendawo enkulu yepiston. Izindawo ze-piston zizoncika kumkhawulo we-dimensional kanye nengcindezi yomklamo. Kwesinye isikhathi, i-double piston ingasetshenziswa ukwehlisa ingcindezi edingekayo yamandla okusetha oyifunayo.

7.Isethi/ukukhishwa okuningi ohambweni olufanayo-(ukusethwa komshini kuyabuyiswa).Izikhathi eziningi izimo ezinhle kanye nemigomo yokusebenza kwenza kube nesidingo sokusebenzisa ipakethe engasethwa futhi ikhishwe izikhathi eziningi. Kudingeka izici eziningi ezahlukene zedizayini zamapaki kuleli khono. Kodwa-ke, inhlanganisela engenzeka iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ayidingi ukucaciswa okwamanje. Lawa mapaki ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi “ama-hook wall packers”, aklanyelwe lezi zidingo.

8.Amandla wepulaki yebhuloho elibuyiselekayo, ukucindezela okubili kohlangothi, amashubhu kanye nesipakishi esingabuyiswa.Amandla okusebenzisa ipakethe yokukhiqiza njengepulagi yebhuloho elikhiphekayo iyathandeka ezimeni eziningi ezihlukene zokuqeda. Ngokuyisisekelo, leli khono limane lisho ukuthi umpakishi angashiywa emgodini esesimweni esixhunyiwe (amashubhu abuyiswa ngokuhlukana). Ukuze kuqhutshekwe kungene incazelo, umpakishi kufanele abe namandla okubamba ingcindezi ezinhlangothi zombili futhi ipakethe ngokwayo kufanele ibuyiseke.

Ngenxa yokuthi amaphakethe okukhiqiza aklanyelwe ukukhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa, ikhono elidingekayo lokuxhuma aliyona ingxenye yanoma iyiphi iphakheji yokukhiqiza futhi kufanele yengezwe njengesisetshenziswa. Izihlukanisi ze-overshot tubing seal, ama-flapper valves, ama-valve onyawo, izingono zamashubhu anamapulagi ocingo kanye namapulagi okuvala abuyiselekayo kuyizibonelo zalezo zinsiza. Ukumatanisa okusebenzayo kakhulu kwezinhlobo zamapaki nezinhlobo zezinsiza zokuxhuma kuncike ekwakhiweni kwayo ngayinye.

9.Amandla wepulaki ebhuloho unomphela, ukucindezela okuphindwe kabili, umpakishi unomphela.Imibandela efanayo eyisisekelo iyasebenza emandleni wepulaki yebhuloho unomphela njengalapho kutholakala khona kodwa ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokuphinda itholakale kompakishi. Futhi, imishini yokuxhuma i-accessory iyafana.

10.Gijimani futhi usethe emgodini ochezukile/ogwegwile, sebenzisa amashubhu, amandla okusetha i-hydraulic.Ukumba ipulatifomu yasogwini nezinye izimo ezinzima zokumba namuhla kukhiqize inqwaba yemithombo echezuke kakhulu noma evundlile. Ngenxa yobunzima obuthile bokuxhaphaza amashubhu angaphansi kwemigodi, ikakhulukazi ukuzungezisa, abapakishi besethi abayimishini ngokuvamile abafiseleki. Lezo ezidinga imijikelezo eminingi ekujuleni esikhundleni sokujika okungu-1/3 kungenzeka kakhulu zenze izinkinga zokusetha. Amaphakethe adinga ukuzungezisa ukuze akhululwe angaba maningi amathuba okuba abangele ubunzima bokusebenza.

Amandla okusethwa kolayini kagesi nawo angaba yinkinga ngaphansi kwalezi zimo zemithombo ngoba asikho isisindo sepayipi esitholakalayo ukuze sinqobe ukungqubuzana phakathi komhlangano wamapaki kanye ne-casing emgodini ochezukile, futhi amathuba okuthola ipakethe ekujuleni ayancishiswa. Ekuqedeni okuvundlile, lokhu kuzoba ngaphandle kombuzo.

Amasethi amasethi we-hydraulic noma amaphakethe asebenza ngezinqubo zokusethwa kwamanzi asebenza ngogesi cishe azophumelela ngoba awadingi ukuxhashazwa kwamashubhu futhi angakwazi ukusizakala ngesisindo samapayipi.

11.Ukungena kalula kwezigxivizo emgodini ochezukile-(ikhanda le-scoop).Okunye okuhlotshaniswa nezimbobo ezichezukile inkinga engaba khona yokuhlaba amayunithi ophawu kumpakishi. Abapakishi abanama-"scoop heads" akhethekile noma iziqondiso zamashubhu ziyimiklamo engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ithuba lale nkinga. Enye into okufanele icatshangelwe yi-ID yomphakeli. Uma i-ID (kanye ne-OD yezigxivizo ibe nkulu), iba makhulu ithuba lokuphumelela. Umhlahlandlela "we-Muleshoe" uvame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni uphawu ukuze kwandiswe amathuba okuluma kumapaki. Ubukhulu bomhlahlandlela we-Muleshoe buncike ngokwemvelo ku-OD yophawu. I-OD yophawu olukhulu, igayidi ye-Muleshoe inkulu. Lokhu kufanele kuphumele ekuhlanganiseni kube lula. Kukhona neziqondiso ze-Muleshoe emakethe ezihambisana nokunyakaza kokukhuphuka naphansi kweshubhu.

Gijimani futhi usethe uhlobo lodaka lokumba olusindayo, gijima kushubhu. Ngezinye izikhathi izimo zemithombo zenza kube nesidingo sokugijima nokubeka umpakishi odakeni olunzima. Izipakishi zezintambo zikagesi azithandeki izikhathi eziningi ngenxa yokuthi isikhathi sokusebenza odakeni olune-viscous kakhulu singase sibe side kakhulu noma kungase kungenzeki ukwenza umhlangano ujule uma udaka lusesimweni esibi. Isisindo somhlangano ngokwaso singase singanele.

Njengasemithonjeni ephambukile noma egwegwile, abapakishi basebenza kumashubhu banenzuzo yesisindo sepayipi. Futhi, isethi yomshini (ikakhulukazi isethi yokuzungezisa okuningi) amapaki angase abangele inkinga. Izimo zodaka ezingezinhle zingabangela ubunzima bokuthola ukunyakaza okudingekayo phakathi kwezingxenye ezihambayo ukuze uthole isethi ye-packer.

Ngisho nokunye okusele, ukulungiselelwa kwe-hydraulic akunazo izinkinga ezingenzeka. Isidingo sokuwisa ibhola lokusetha noma ukusebenzisa i-wireline plug-in udaka olusindayo kungase kube inkinga futhi kudle isikhathi uma udaka lusesimweni esingesihle. Amathuba okuthi izimo zodaka ziwohloke zikhulu ngoba, ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuthatha isikhathi eside, ukujikeleza kuya phansi akunakwenzeka.

12.Shiya amashubhu ku-tension, ama-slip aphezulu, noma i-latch yangaphakathi.Izimo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuthi amashubhu ahlukaniswe ngokushuba ziningi. Izimo zokukhiqiza ezifana nezimbobo ezigobhozayo eziphansi kanye namazinga okushisa angaphezulu kungaba isibonelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-mandrel okuphakamisa igesi ephaketheni eliseceleni kanye nomsebenzi wesevisi yolayini bezintambo ohambisana njalo kungenza kube okufiselekayo ukugcina ishubhu ishubile ukuze isebenze kahle.

Uma kuzosetshenziswa iphakethe bese ishubhu ibekwe endaweni eshubile, umpakishi kufanele abe nesethi yeziliphu eziphezulu. Uma umpakishi ene-bypass ebalulekile, kufanele futhi abe ne-latch yangaphakathi yohlobo oluthile ukuze i-bypass ihlale ivaliwe lapho i-tubing ifakwa ku-tension. Izipakishi ezibuyiswayo ezihlala unomphela noma ze-seal zingase zisetshenziselwe le njongo inqobo nje uma kukhona isikhombi sohlobo lwe-latching esihlobene esiqhutshwa nokuhlanganisa uphawu. Okuhlukile kulezi zidingo iwukuthi uma ipakethe ephansi ene-latch kanye nendlela yokubamba phansi ephezulu isetshenziselwa ukusetha iphakheji yento ye-packer ephezulu ngaphandle kweziliphu eziphezulu. Lezi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuhlukaniswa kwendawo.

13.Shiya amashubhu ekucindezelekeni, ekusheleleni okuphansi, noma ekumiseni okuphansi.Isidingo sokushiya ishubhu ihlukaniswe ngokucindezela ngokuvamile sihlobene nemisebenzi yokwelapha engenzeka elandelayo. Ukucindezelwa kuvame ukushiywa ukuze kunqobe ukuncipha kweshubhu ngokuvamile okuhlotshaniswa nokwelapha. Isethi yeziliphu ezingezansi iyadingeka ukuze uvumele le nketho yokuphuma kwesikhala. Okuwukuphela kwento ehlukile uma iphakethe eliphansi lisetshenziswa njengesitobhi sepakethe ephezulu ngaphandle kweziliphu eziphansi. Lokhu okuhlukile kuvame ukutholakala ezinhlelweni zokuhlukaniswa kwendawo.

14.Shiya amashubhu engathathi hlangothi (Iphuzu eliphakathi nendawo ekubholeni), vala ukucindezelwa kuphakheji yento.Isidingo sokushiya ishubhu ingathathi hlangothi singadalwa yizinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezimo zokusebenza noma imigomo. Ngokuvamile, ishubhu endaweni engathathi hlangothi yokuphuma inika indawo yokuhlala yokwelula amashubhu ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kanye nokufinyezwa kweshubhu ngenxa yemisebenzi yokwelapha. Uma kungekho ukusebenza okuholela ekunyakazeni okudlulele, khona-ke lesi simo esimaphakathi sokuphuma kwesikhala singase sibe sihle. Ukuze umpakishi akwazi ukuqhutshwa nokusethwa bese kuthi ishubhu lishiywe lingathathi hlangothi, umpakishi kufanele abe namandla okucindezela oku-bi-directional futhi kufanele abe nomklamo onjalo kangangokuthi ukucindezela kwe-elementi kunakekelwa ngezinye izindlela ngaphandle kokucindezelwa kweshubhu noma ukungezwani. Lokhu “kuyazenzakalela” kubapakishi ababuyiselekayo bohlobo oluhlala njalo kanye nohlobo lwe-seal kodwa kubapakishi abakhiphekayo, kusho ukuthi umshini we-latch wangaphakathi uyadingeka.

Ulayini we-Vigor wemikhiqizo yokupakisha unamathela ngokuqinile kumazinga we-API 11 D1. Njengamanje sinikezela ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo eziyisithupha zamapaki, zonke ezithole ukunconywa okuphezulu okungaguquki kumakhasimende ethu. Ukuphendula isidingo esikhulayo, amathimba ethu ezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthenga ahlola ngenkuthalo izixazululo ezifanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unentshisekelo emikhiqizweni yethu yamapaki, imishini yokumba nokuqedela ukugawulwa kwemithi, noma izinsizakalo zokwenza ngokwezifiso ze-OEM, sizimisele ukuhlinzeka ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu losekelo lobuchwepheshe. Sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.