Izinhlobo Zamapaki Angunaphakade kanye Namathuluzi Okusetha

Amapaki ahlala unomphela angahlukaniswa ngokwendlela edingekayo ukuze usethe ipakethe. I-Electric Wireline, ne-Hydraulic, izindlela ezimbili zokusetha ezitholakalayo.

Isethi Yolayini

I-wireline set packer isetshenziswa kakhulu kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesipakishi saphakade. Ingaqhutshwa futhi isethwe ngokushesha nangokunembile ekujuleni okunqunywe kusengaphambili. Ngemva kokuba umpakishi usethiwe, aumhlangano wophawubese kuthi amashubhu afakwe emthonjeni. Lapho i-seal ihlanganisa izimpawu ku-packer, ubude beshubhu bulungiswa phezulu (kuhlukanisiwe) bese umthombo uyaqedwa.

Ezinye izimo ezijwayelekile kanye/noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zezintambo zikagesi zisethe isipakishi saphakade ukuthi sihlanganise:

• Setha ngokushesha nangokunembile - kusetshenziswa ikhithi ye-adaptha, umpakishi unamathiselwe ethuluzini lokusetha kanye nendawo yokubeka ikhola evumela ukuhlobana okunembile kokujula. Amaphuzu okubhekisela ekuhlukaniseni okubalulekile kwezinto zokusebenza, i-sump packer yephakethe legravel, kanye nokuhlukanisa “ukwakheka okusondelene” kuyizibonelo ezimbalwa zokunemba.
• Amandla okusetha angashoni - ukulungiselelwa kokujula okuncane kufanele kukhawulwe ngezidingo zokugaya.
• Ngokungezwa kwemishini yokungena, ingasetshenziswa njengesikhashanaipulaki yebhuloho(I-Cement Retainer Plug). Ukwakheka okuthatha uketshezi noma ukuqhekeza indawo ngaphezu kwesipakishi kuyizinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zaleli khono.
• Uma ukushuba, ukucindezela, noma isikhala esimaphakathi (HlolaIzibalo Zephuzu Elimaphakathi Kuntambo Yokubhoboza) ukuphuma kuyadingeka kushubhu.
• Iyakwazi ukuthwala ukunyakaza kwamashubhu amakhulu anezigxivizo ezintantayo noma ukuhlela okuhlanganyelwe kokuhamba.
• Ukusetshenziswa kokugqwala okuphezulu - ngenxa yeqiniso lokuchayeka kwengxenye elinganiselwe, iphesenti elincane uma kuqhathaniswa lompakishi lidinga ukusetshenziswa kwengxubevange ebizayo ekwazi ukumelana nokugqwala ngaleyo ndlela yehlise izindleko.
• I-tubing idonswa kalula (ukukhubeka kwepayipi) ngaphandle noma okulinganiselwe kakhulu ukuzungezisa amashubhu okudingekayo kuye ngokumiswa kokuhlanganiswa kophawu.
• Amashubhu adluliselwe ukubhoboza- abapakisha unomphela bafaneleka ngokufanelekile kulolu hlelo lokusebenza eqinisweni lokuthi amandla okwethuka akhiqizwe i-perforator ngeke akhulule ngephutha ipakeli unomphela. Amandla olayini bezintambo zikagesi azobeka inani lokuhlangana kwesibhamu okungenzeka.
• Ukuhlola indawo kanye nomsebenzi wokuvuselela ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivamile zamapaki ocingo asethwe unomphela.

Ithuluzi Lokusetha I-Hydraulic

Kunezimo lapho kufiseleka khona ukusebenzisa i-wireline set packer, noma kunjalo, izimo zembobo zingavimbela ukusebenzisa ulayini kagesi. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokusebenza kwesipakishi sesethi yezintambo zikagesi, ithuluzi lokusetha i-hydraulic lingasetshenziswa. Ithuluzi lokusetha i-hydraulic lithatha indawo yethuluzi lokusetha intambo kagesi uma izimo zisho kanjalo. Umpakishi unamathiselwe ethuluzini lokumisa i-hydraulic futhi ligijima emthonjeni osepayipini. Uma selijule, ibhola lilahlwa ngepayipi lingene ethuluzini lokusetha. Ukucindezela kwepompo ye-Hydraulic kwenza ithuluzi lokusetha lisebenze libangele ukuthi ipakethi isethe. Ithuluzi lokusetha i-hydraulic kanye nentambo yokusebenza bese kukhishwa emthonjeni futhi izigxivizo zokukhiqiza kanye namashubhu agijima ukuze kuqedelwe umthombo.

Ezinye izimo ezingase zidinge ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lokusetha i-hydraulic yilezi:

• Isisindo somhlangano. Uma umpakishi nezinto zokusebenza ezinamathiselwe zinesisindo esingaphezu kwelayini kagesi engasisekela, ukuhlanganisa kungase kuqhutshwe futhi kubekwe epayipini kusetshenziswa ithuluzi lokumisa i-hydraulic.
• Izindawo eziqinile ku-ibhokisi. Isisindo sochungechunge lokusebenza singasetshenziselwa "ukuphusha" ipakethe endaweni eqinile ku-casing. Lesi yisimo esibucayi kakhulu futhi ukunakekelwa okwedlulele kanye nesivinini sokugijima esinensayo kufanele kusetshenziswe.
• Vala ukuhlanganiswa phansi komhlangano wamapaki. Uma iphakethe eliphansi elalisethwe ngaphambilini likhona, izimpawu zepakethe engezansi kungase kudingeke ukuthi ziphushwe kuleyo paki kusetshenziswa isisindo sentambo yokusebenza.
• I-engeli ephezulu yokuchezuka. Njenge-engeli yokuchezuka (ukubhola okuqondisayo) iba nkulu, kufinyelelwa iphuzu lapho umpakishi engeke “esashelela” ezansi nomthombo. Lesi simo sidinga ukugijima ipakethe epayipini.
• Udaka olusindayo emthonjeni. Udaka oluqinile, olubonakalayo (Izakhiwo zodaka) ingase ivimbele ukuhlangana kompakishi ekuweleni ngokwawo. Futhi, isisindo sepayipi singadingeka ukusunduza umhlangano we-packer downhole.

I-Hydraulic Set Permanent Packer

Isethi ye-hydraulic set packer isetshenziswa emthonjeni kushubhu. Lolu hlobo lwepaki luqukethe ukuhlelwa kwepiston/isilinda ngokuvamile okutholakala ekugcineni okuphansi kwepakethe. Idivayisi yokuxhuma kufanele ifakwe kushubhu ngaphansi kwesipakishi. Le divayisi yokuxhuma ivamise ukuba i-sub catcher noma ingono yokuhlalisa ngocingo. Yonke inhlangano (ukuhlelwa kophawu, umpakishi, idivayisi yokuxhuma) kufanele yenziwe phezulu ngaphambi kokuba umpakishi angene emthonjeni. Lapho ukujula okufanele sekufinyelelwe futhi ipulaki isendaweni, ingcindezi efakwa phansi kweshubhu isetha ipakethe.

Kunezinzuzo ezimbili ezinkulu zemvelo ezihlobene ne-hydraulic set permanent packer. Lezi izi:

• Umsebenzi wohambo olulodwa. Umpakishi angase asetshenziswe ekujuleni futhi isihlahla sikaKhisimusi sifakwe ngaphambi kokusetha ipakethe. Lokhu kunenzuzo uma isikhathi esiqinile kanye nezindleko kukhathazeka kakhulu.
• Kudingeka amavolumu amakhulu okugeleza. Ingaphezuluisitsha sokubhoboza esiphucuziwe(PBR) noma ukuhlanganiswa kwe-overshot seal kusetshenziswa nalolu hlobo lwesipakishi. Akukho ukuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu ku-mandrel yepaki, ngaleyo ndlela inikeze indawo enkulu yokugeleza.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko zamapaki we-hydraulic set unomphela zifaka:

• Isisindo sokulenga esindayo
• Kufunwa amavolumu amakhulu okugeleza
• Iphambukiswe kahle kakhulu
• Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye/noma izingcindezi
• Udaka olusindayo emthonjeni

I-Vigor ingakunikeza amathuluzi ahlukahlukene okusebenza kokuqedela, okuhlanganisa abapakishi abathobela amazinga e-API 11D1, kanye nezinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene zamathuluzi okusetha. Amapaki namathuluzi okusetha avela ku-Vigor asetshenziswe izikhathi eziningi kusayithi yekhasimende, futhi imiphumela yokusetha idlule obekulindelwe ngamakhasimende. Uma unentshisekelo kubapakishi namathuluzi okusetha akhiqizwe i-Vigor, sicela ungangabazi ukuxhumana nathi ukuze uthole ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe obuchwepheshile kanye nemikhiqizo yekhwalithi engcono kakhulu.